Diwali Celebrations Illuminate Cultures on October 20, 2023

The vibrant festival of Diwali, known as the Festival of Lights, is being celebrated on October 20, 2023, marking a significant occasion for over a billion people around the world, particularly within the Hindu community. This five-day celebration encompasses joyous gatherings, fireworks displays, communal feasts, and spiritual prayers, deeply rooted in cultural traditions and religious significance.

Understanding Diwali’s Significance

Derived from the Sanskrit word “Deepavali,” which translates to “a row of lights,” Diwali symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness and knowledge over ignorance. While primarily a Hindu festival, Diwali is observed by Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists, each with unique interpretations of the festival’s origin. These stories consistently highlight the theme of good prevailing over evil.

In southern India, Diwali commemorates the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon Naraka, who is said to have caused suffering among his subjects. In contrast, northern Indian traditions celebrate the return of Lord Rama, along with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, from a 14-year exile, emphasizing the restoration of righteousness.

Festivities and Traditions Across Regions

Diwali celebrations vary across India, showcasing a rich tapestry of local customs. Common elements include lighting lamps, setting off fireworks, feasting, and wearing new clothes. In southern India, participants often begin the day with a warm oil bath, symbolizing purification akin to bathing in the holy River Ganges. In the north, worship of Goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth and prosperity, is customary, and many engage in gambling, believing it will bring fortune for the upcoming year.

The first day of Diwali, known as Dhanteras, sees many purchasing gold, which is thought to bring good luck. Additionally, families exchange sweets and gifts, while intricate rangoli patterns adorn homes, created from colorful powders.

Despite concerns over air pollution, which have led some northern states to impose bans on traditional firecrackers, India’s Supreme Court recently ruled that the sale of “green fireworks,” believed to be less harmful, can proceed.

Diwali’s Broader Cultural Impact

Beyond Hinduism, other faiths also commemorate significant events during this festival. Jains celebrate the attainment of nirvana by Lord Mahavira, while Sikhs observe Bandi Chhor Divas, marking the release of Guru Hargobind from imprisonment by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. For Buddhists, the day signifies the conversion of Emperor Ashoka to Buddhism in the third century BCE.

In a notable development, on October 7, 2023, California became the third U.S. state to officially recognize Diwali as a statewide holiday, set to take effect on January 1, 2024. This new law allows public schools and community colleges to close in observance of the festival. State employees may also take the day off, and students will receive excused absences to celebrate.

Pennsylvania was the first state to enact such legislation in 2024, followed by Connecticut earlier this year. Additionally, in June 2023, New York City declared Diwali a public school holiday, with several New Jersey school districts also recognizing the occasion.

As Diwali celebrations unfold globally, they serve as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and unity found among diverse communities, highlighting the festival’s enduring significance in promoting peace, joy, and the victory of light.